Social isolation damages the brain

Social isolation in children may wreak havoc on the brain by disrupting a protein crucial to the development of the nervous system’s support cells. A new study in mice finds that when the animals are isolated during a crucial developmental period, brain cells called oligodendrocytes fail to mature properly. Oligodendrocytes are responsible for building the fatty insulating sheathes that cushion neurons. Their dysfunction seems to cause long-lasting behavioral changes.

Social isolation has a variety of negative effects

Social isolation has a variety of negative and lifelong effects on children including cognitive and social problems in neglected children to working memory troubles. Children and tested monkeys showed abnormalities in the white matter of the brain, which includes support cells such as oligodendrocytes as well as the fat-covered neural projections that act as the brain’s communication system.

Team sought to prove causal relationship

Researchers have not been able to show a causal relationship though between isolation and the damage to the brain cells. Gabriel Corfas, a professor of neurology and otolaryngology at Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and his colleagues, wanted to better understand the relationship between the two events. They used mice for their experiments on the effects of isolation.

Axons were malformed and dysfunctional

The mice were tested at various times for sociability and working memory. The mice that had been left all alone had strange, stumpy oligodendrocytes. These cells usually show a long complex projection of axon that reaches out almost like a network of roots. The mice in isolation showed oligodendrocytes projections which were short and simple without the usual complexity. They also had thinner sheaths around the neural axons. This helps speed up communication between cells. It seems the causal relationship exists.

“So our lab and other investigators are working to try to understand how those pathways and these genetic susceptibilities may be linked to produce neuropsychiatric disorders,” concluded Corfas.

Source: Stephanie Pappas, Yahoo